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More Metrics | Kitchen Equivalents | Ingredients & Substitutes |
Pans & Holding Volumes | Candy Tests | Grains |
To change | to | Multiply by |
---|---|---|
grains | grams | .0648 |
grams | grains | 15.4324 |
grams | ounces (avdp) | .0353 |
grams | pounds | .002205 |
liters | pints (dry) | 1.8162 |
liters | pints (liq) | 2.1134 |
liters | quarts (dry) | .9081 |
liters | quarts (liq) | 1.0567 |
1 ml | = | 1/5 tsp | ||||||||
5 ml | = | 1 tsp | ||||||||
15 ml | = | 1 tbsp | ||||||||
34 ml | = | 1 fl oz | ||||||||
100 ml | = | 3.4 fl oz | ||||||||
240 ml | = | 1 cup | ||||||||
1 liter | = | 34 fl oz | = | 4.2 cups | = | 2.1 pints | = | 1.06 quarts | = | 0.26 gallon |
1 gram | = | .035 oz | ||||||||
100 grams | = | 3.5 oz | ||||||||
500 grams | = | 1.10 lbs | ||||||||
1 kg | = | 2.205 lbs | = | 35 oz | ||||||
1 cubic centimeter | = | 0.061 cubic inch | ||||||||
1 cubic foot | = | 7.481 gallons | = | 28.316 cubic decimeters | ||||||
1 cubic inch | = | 0.554 fl oz | = | 4.433 fluid drams | = | 16.387 cubic centimeters |
TIP: A paperclip weights approximately 1 gram. |
ap = apothecary measure | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 drop | = | 1 minim (ap) | = | 1/60th fluid dram | ||||
1 dram (liq - US) | = | 1/8 fl oz | = | 0.226 cubic inch | = | 3.697 ml | = | 1 tsp |
60 drops (minims) | = | 1 fluid dram (ap) | = | 1 tsp | ||||
1 measuring tsp | = | 1/3 tbsp | = | 1-1/3 fl drams | = | 5 ml | ||
1 measuring tbsp | = | 3 tsp | = | 4 fl drams | = | 1/2 fl oz | = | 15 ml |
2 tbsp | = | 1 liq ounce | ||||||
4 tbsp | = | 1/4 cup | ||||||
5 tbsp | = | 1/3 cup | ||||||
1-1/2 oz | = | 1 jigger | ||||||
1/2 jigger | = | 1 pony | ||||||
8 tsp (fl. drams) | = | 1 fluid ounce (ap) | ||||||
8 fl oz | = | 1 cup | = | 1/2 pint | ||||
2 cups | = | 1 pint | ||||||
16 fl oz (ap) | = | 1 pint (ap) | = | 128 fl drams (ap) | ||||
2 pints | = | 1 quart | = | 32 fl oz | = | 256 fl drams | = | 4 cups |
4 quarts | = | 1 gal | = | 128 fl oz | = | 1,024 fl drams | ||
1 milliliter | = | 0.271 fl dram | = | 16.231 minims | = | 1/5 tsp | ||
1 liq oz | = | 29.574 ml | ||||||
1 gill | = | 4 fl oz | = | 0.118 liter | ||||
4 gills (liq) | = | 1 pint | ||||||
2 pints | = | 1 quart | ||||||
4 quarts | = | 1 gallon | = | 8 pints | = | 32 gills | ||
1 liter | = | 1.057 liq quarts | = | 61.024 cubic inches | ||||
1 gallon (US) | = | 231 cubic inches | = | 3.785 liters | = | 128 fl oz (US) | ||
*1 barrel liquid | = | 31 to 42 gallons | ||||||
*Law allows for a variety of sizes: petroleum products are usually found in the larger sized barrels, while fermented/alcoholic beverages are to be found in the smaller sized barrels although federal law recognizes a 40 gallon barrel for proof spirits) |
avdp = avoirdupois (common measurement in US) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 ml | = | 0.015 grain | |||||
1 grain | = | 64.79891 ml | |||||
1 gram | = | 15.432 grains | = | 0.035 oz (avdp) | |||
27.344 grains (advp) | = | 1 dram (avdp) | = | 1.772 grams | |||
16 drams (advp) | = | 1 oz (advp) | = | 437.5 grains (advp) | |||
16 oz (advp) | = | 1 lb (advp) | = | 256 drams (advp) | = | 7,000 grains (advp) | |
1 kilogram | = | 2.205 lb | |||||
2 pints | = | 1 quart | = | 67.2006 cubic inches | |||
8 quarts | = | 1 peck | = | 16 pints | = | 537.605 cubic inches | |
4 pecks | = | 1 bushel | = | 32 quarts | = | 2,150.42 cubic inches | |
1 bushel (US struck measure) | = | 2,150.42 cubic inches | = | 35.238 liters | |||
1 bushel (heaped) | = | 2,747.715 cubic inches | = | 1.278 bushels (struck measure) (note: this is frequently recognized as 1-1/4 bushel, struck measure) | |||
1 barrel (standard for fruits, vegetables and other dry good except cranberries) | = | 105 dry quarts | = | 3.281 bu (struck measure) | = | 7,056 cubic inches | |
1 barrel (stand. cranberry) | = | 5,286 cubic inches | = | 86-45/64 dry quarts | = | 2.709 bu (struck measure) | |
1 cord fire wood | = | 128 cubic feet (a 4 ft x 4 ft x 8 ft stack of wood) |
4 cups | = | 9" pie plate 8 x 1-1/4" layer cake pan 7-3/8 x 3-5/8 x 2-1/4" loaf pan |
4-1/4 cups | = | 8 x 2-1/4" ring mold |
6 cups | = | 8(or 9) x 11-1/2" layer cake pan 10" pie plate 8-1/2 x 35 or 8 x 25" baking pan 8" loaf pan 7-1/2 x 3" bundt tube 7 x 5-1/2 x 4" melon mold |
7-1/2 cups | = | 6 x 4-1/4" charlotte mold |
8 cups | = | 8 x 8 x 2" square pan 11 x 7 x 1-1/2" baking pan 9 x 5 x 3" loaf pan 9-1/4 x 2-3/4" ring mold 9-1/2 x 3-1/4" brioche pan |
9 cups | = | 9 x 3-1/2" fancy tube or bundt pan |
10 cups | = | 9 x 9 x 2" square pan 11-3/4 x 7-1/2 x 1-3/4" baking pan 15 x 10 x 1" jelly roll pan |
12 cups | = | 13-1/2 x 8-1/2 x 2" glass baking pan 9 x 3-1/2" angel cake pan 10 x 3-3/4" bundt or crownburst pan 9 x 3-1/2" fancy tube 8 x 8" spring form pan |
15 cups | = | 13 x 9 x 2" metal baking pan |
16 cups | = | 10 x 4" fancy tube mold (kugelhupf) 9 x 3" spring form pan |
18 cups | = | 10 x 4" angel cake pan |
19 cups | = | 14 x 10-1/2 x 2-1/2" roasting pan |
Consistency | Temperature (F) | Test | Uses |
---|---|---|---|
Soft ball | 234ºto 240º | Syrup forms a soft ball when dropped into cold water; ball flattens when removed | Fudge, Penoche |
Firm ball | 244ºto 248º | Syrup forms a ball when dopped into cold water; ball does not flaten when removed | Caramels |
Hard ball | 250ºto 266º | Syrup forms a ball when dropped into cold water; hard enough to hold its shape, yet still plastic | Popcorn balls, Divinity |
Soft Crack | 270ºto 290º | Syrup separates into threads when dropped into cold water; threads are hard but not brittle | Butterscotch, taffy |
Hard crack | 300ºto 310º | Syrup separates into threads which are hard and brittle when dropped into cold water | Peanut Brittle |
Caramel | 338º | Barley sugar becomes brown | Flavor and color |
Grain - 1 C. dry | Water | Cooking Time | Yield |
---|---|---|---|
Barley (whole) | 3 cups | 1-1/4 hours | 3-1/2 cups |
Black Beans | 4 cups | 1-1/2 hours | 2 cups |
Black-eyed Peas | 3 cups | 1 hour | 2 cups |
Buckwheat (kasha) | 2 cups | 15 min | 2-1/2 cups |
Cornmeal, coarse (polenta) | 4 cups | 25 min | 3 cups |
Garbanzos (chickpeas) | 4 cups | 3 hours | 2 cups |
Great Northern Beans | 3-1/2 cups | 2 hours | 2 cups |
Kidney Beans | 3 cups | 1-1/2 hours | 2 cups |
Lentils | 3 cups | 1 hour | 2-1/4 cups |
Limas | 2 cups | 1-1/2 hours | 1-1-4 cups |
Limas, baby | 2 cups | 1-1/2 hours | 1-3/4 cups |
Millet | 3 cups | 45 min | 3-1/2 cups |
Peas, split | 3 cups | 1 hour | 2-1/4 cups |
Pinto Beans | 3 cups | 2-1/2 hours | 2 cups |
Red beans | 3 cups | 3 hours | 2 cups |
Rice, brown | 2 cups | 1 hour | 3 cups |
Rice, wild | 3 cups | 1 hr or more | 4 cups |
Small white beans (navy, etc) | 2 cups | 1-1/2 hours | 2 cups |
Soybeans | 3 cups | 3 hrs or more | 2 cups |
Soy grits | 4 cups | 15 min | 2 cups |
Wheat berries, whole | 3 cups | 2 hours | 2-2/3 cups |
Wheat, bulgur | 2 cups | 15 to 20 min | 2-1/2 cups |
Wheat, cracked | 2 cups | 25 min | 2-1/3 cups |